Thus a “reinforcer” is any stimuli that cause certain behaviour to be repeated or inhibited. Reinforcement is the process by which certain types of behaviours are strengthened. Based upon this direct relationship between behaviour and its consequences, management can study and identify this relationship and try to modify and control behaviour by manipulating consequences. The consequences of a given behaviour could determine whether the same behaviour is likely to occur in the future or not. Reinforcement theory suggests that behaviour or job performance is not a function of internal state of mind (such as needs), feelings, emotions or perceptions but is keyed to the nature of the outcome of such behaviour. Skinner, operant conditioning is based on a simple “law of effect” meaning that behaviour is a function of its consequences. Operant Conditioning:īased on the work of B. Second, human behaviour is subject to “cause and effect” phenomenon so that effects can be predicted on the basis of established causes and that behaviour can be changed by manipulating the consequences. On the other hand, if environment is hostile to the values and skills of the worker, then negative reactions take place. ![]() ![]() ![]() If the environment is complementary to established behaviour, then such behaviour is positively reinforced.
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